2N (99%): Tracks fluctuations in pig iron raw material costs; exhibits low volatility and a stable price-to-performance ratio.

3N (99.9%): Heavily influenced by smelting and purification costs; subject to minor fluctuations based on order volume and energy consumption; widely available in the market.

4N (99.99%): Produced via electrolysis combined with vacuum refining; characterized by high energy consumption and limited production capacity. It commands the highest premium and shows the greatest price elasticity—prices tend to rise during peak demand periods for electronic sputtering targets and scientific research applications.

Best-selling：3N (99.9%)

Cost Basis: Involves an additional refining or vacuum-processing step, with strict controls on impurity levels (S, P, Cu, Ti). Energy consumption is higher than that of 2N, and price volatility is moderate. It represents the most widely circulated grade with the best price-to-performance ratio for 2026.